Partnership enterprises
Tracks the Partnership Enterprise Law, partnership registration rules, foreign-invested partnership entry rules, and Supreme People's Court case law on share transfers, limited-partner derivative standing, and external liability for partnership debts.
Comparison table
China-HK-Singapore comparison
| Issue | China | Hong Kong | Singapore |
|---|---|---|---|
| Forms of organization | 中国《合伙企业法》在 2006 年修订后同时规范普通合伙、特殊普通合伙和有限合伙，形成与公司法并列的企业组织法支柱。 | 香港合伙法更分散于《合伙条例》《有限责任合伙制度》缺位及基金监管框架之中，不以统一企业组织法方式呈现。 | 新加坡在《Partnership Act》《Limited Partnerships Act》《Limited Liability Partnerships Act》之间分层规范不同合伙形态。 |
| Litigation and liability | 最高法院公报案例已明确：合伙协议可以强化财产份额转让条件；有限合伙人在执行事务合伙人怠于维权时可为合伙企业利益提起诉讼；实际合伙经营者对外债务承担责任。 | 香港更强调合伙共同责任与合同安排，对有限责任屏障的识别依赖具体法定载体。 | 新加坡制度在保留普通合伙无限责任的同时，另以 LLP 和 LP 架构分化管理责任与管理权。 |
Related law records
Partnership Enterprise Law of the People's Republic of China (2006 Revision)Partnership Enterprise Law of the People's Republic of China (1997 Original Enactment)Measures of the People's Republic of China for the Registration of Partnership Enterprises (2019 Revision)Measures of the People's Republic of China for the Registration of Partnership Enterprises (2014 Revision)Measures of the People's Republic of China for the Registration of Partnership Enterprises (2007 Revision)Measures of the People's Republic of China for the Registration of Partnership Enterprises (1997 Original Enactment)Measures for the Administration of the Establishment of Partnership Enterprises in China by Foreign Enterprises or IndividualsProvisions on the Registration of Foreign-Invested Partnership Enterprises (2019 Revision)
Related cases
Additional related cases
Gazette Case: Xing Furong v. Beijing Dingdian Taifu Investment Management Co., Ltd., Ding Shiguo et al. The Gazette case confirms that special transfer restrictions in a partnership agreement remain enforceable if they do not violate mandatory law. Where a transfer of a limited-partner interest to a general partner would alter partner status, the court may strictly require compliance with unanimous-consent provisions in the partnership agreement. Gazette Case: Shixin Ronghe Investment Management Co., Ltd. v. Chang'an International Trust Co., Ltd. et al. The SPC Gazette confirms that when the managing partner of a limited partnership fails to assert the partnership's rights, a non-managing limited partner may sue in its own name for the benefit of the partnership. After a proper demand on the partnership and the managing partner goes unanswered, the court may recognize the limited partner's standing. Gazette Case: Nantong Shuangying Trading Co., Ltd. v. Lianda Machinery Factory of Dantu District, Zhenjiang, Wei Hengnie et al. The Gazette case confirms that where several persons jointly operate a business and jointly decide its business affairs, a partnership relationship may be found. Their deliberate failure to update the registration to reflect the partnership does not relieve them of external liability for debts incurred in partnership operations.